% ----- Appendix: New fields
\appendix
\raggedbottom\sloppy

\chapter{Evidence of other Endeavour vents}

The current understanding of the distribution of hydrothermal vents along the
Endeavour segment is that the major fields are spaced $\sim$2~km apart and are
associated with the oblique intersection of prominent faults, particularly
those that define the base of the western side of the axial valley
\cite{delaney+92}.  Historically, new vent fields have been located by mapping
hydrothermal plume intensity (e.g.  ) and using the plume coordinates to direct
submersible exploration of the sea floor.  Advection of plumes limits the
precision of such hydrographic reconnaissance, however, because it
disassociates the locations of the peak plume anomaly and the sea floor source.
One way to enhance the precision is to identify which plumes are still buoyant,
and therefore likely to be closer to their source, by detecting density
inversions (cite early use of inversions?) \cite{veirs+99}.  

Juxtaposition of large-scale (O(10~m)) density inversions with a recent
geological map (cite bhat) suggests another interesting pattern in the
distribution of Endeavour hydrothermal activity: all known vent sites except
Salty Dawg (and Sasquatch?) are associated with the fault on the west side of
the axial valley (Figures~\ref{int_map}~and~\ref{instab_section}).  Is this
asymmetry the product of crustal processes that control hydrothermal upflow, or
is it a manifestation of the mean flow above the ridge being to the southwest,
and hydrographic survey coverage historically beign biased to the west in order
to intercept the advected plumes more frequently?

\begin{figure}
\begin{center} 
\includegraphics*[width=.75\textwidth]{figs/integration/towyoseiscan.penrose.eps}
\caption[Map of fluid instabilities over Endeavour geology]{
Explain all the annotations and symbols.  Make proper references.}
\label{int_map}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure} \begin{center}
\includegraphics*[width=.75\textwidth]{figs/integration/crossxn.eps}
\caption[Fluid instability distribution relative to cross-axis bathymetric
section]{ Axis-perpendicular cross section of Endeavour segment bathymetry
(line A--B in Figure~\ref{int_map}) and the distribution of 1995 fluid
instabilities and micro-seismic hypocenters.} \label{instab_section}
\end{center} \end{figure} 

The 1995 Mixing Zephyrs cruise coverage was biased to the west, but included
numerous VOTs that crossed the axis and eastern ridge crest (coverage map?).
On many of these eastern excursions hydrothermal plumes were encountered, and
on some density inversions were detected (Figure~\ref{instability_zoom_map}.
The precision of plume locations was most limited by the quality of the
long-baseline navigation and the relatively high tow speed, 4--9~km/hr.
However, the O(100~m) navigational uncertainty was usually dwarfed by the
estimated maximum distance the buoyant plume had been advected from its source,
usually $>$500~m.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center} 
\includegraphics*[width=.75\textwidth]{figs/integration/sourcefig5.N0.002.qual6.poster.eps}
\caption[Map of fluid instabilities over Endeavour bathymetry]{
}
\label{instability_zoom_map}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Refining buoyant plume surveys and techniques}

The Flow Mow cruise afforded some opportunities to re-survey some of the
suspected vent locations, but on a much finer scale.  In anticipation of such
opportunities, the CT sensors on the lowered CTD were separated vertically.
This was actually done on ABE, as well, but the CT sensor pair in the nose cone
of ABE failed to acquire data.  

In this appendix I present evidence of new hydrothermal sources located north
of the Salty Dawg and the sill, between between High Rise and Salty Dawg, and
between the MEF and Mothra.

Mention VOTs which did not re-detect instabilities...


\subsection{The discovery of Sasquatch}



\subsection{Vents between High Rise and Salty Dawg}


\begin{figure}
\begin{center} 
\includegraphics*[width=.75\textwidth]{figs/newfields/stn_17_11_t-series.eps}
\caption[Time series of VOT between High Rise and Salty Dawg]{
}
\label{}
\end{center}
\end{figure}




\subsection{Vents between MEF and Mothra: Bula Bula}



\subsection{Future work}

Mixing coefficients and Jonathan ideas?

Thorpe scales?

McPhee references


