% Appendix: List of symbols \chapter{List of symbols} \section*{Greek Symbols} \begin{flushleft} \begin{tabular}{lll} Symbol & Units & Meaning \\ \hline $\alpha$ & $^\circ$C$^{-1}$ & thermal expansion coefficient \\ $\beta$ & psu$^{-1}$ & haline contraction coefficient \\ $\Delta\theta$ & $^\circ$C & potential temperature anomaly; generally refers to $\Delta_S\theta$ in this thesis \\ $\Delta_\rho\theta$ & $^\circ$C & isopycnal potential temperature anomaly \\ $\Delta_S\theta$ & $^\circ$C & isohaline potential temperature anomaly \\ $\Delta_z\theta$ & $^\circ$C & level potential temperature anomaly \\ $\Delta t$ & m & duration of temporal averaging bin \\ $\Delta x$ & m & horizontal displacement; width of averaging bin \\ $\Delta z$ & m & height of averaging bin \\ $\gamma$ & & function relating ambient $S$ and $\theta$ \\ $\rho$ & kg/m$^3$ & density \\ $\rho_o$ & kg/m$^3$ & local ambient density \\ $\rho_\mathrm{ref}$ & kg/m$^3$ & reference density \\ $\sigma_\theta$ & & potential density referenced to the surface \\ $\tau$ & s & period (of an oscillation) \\ $\theta$, $\theta_0$ & $^\circ$C & potential temperature referenced to 0\,dbar \\ \end{tabular} \end{flushleft} \section*{Latin Symbols} \begin{flushleft} \begin{tabular}{lll} Symbol & Units & Meaning \\ $A$ & m$^2$ & open surface, or its total area \\ $B$ & m$^4$/s$^3$ & buoyancy flux \\ $C$ & & factor relating isohaline and level $H$ \\ $c$ & m/s; n/a & speed of light; initial puff concentration \\ $c_p$ & J$\cdot^\circ$C$^{-1}\cdot$kg$^{-1}$ & specific heat capacity \\ $c_r$ & J$\cdot^\circ$C$^{-1}\cdot$kg$^{-1}$ & crustal rock specific heat capacity \\ $F$ & & generic flux \\ $f$ & s$^{-1}$ & Coriolis frequency \\ $g$ & m/s$^2$ & gravitational acceleration \\ $H$ & W & heat flux \\ $H_a$ & W & ambient, upstream heat flux \\ $H_d$ & W & diffuse vent heat flux \\ $H_f$ & W & focused vent heat flux \\ $H_{g}$ & W & ``grouped surface'' estimate of $H_h$ \\ $H_h$ & W & horizontal heat flux \\ ${H_h}^*$ & W & horizontal heat flux (level referenced)\\ $H_p$ & W & plume heat flux \\ $H_{qs}$ & W & ``quasi-synoptic'' estimate of $H_h$ \\ $H_R$ & W/km & heat loss per km of ridge \\ $H_v$ & W & vertical heat flux \\ ${H_v}^*$ & W & vertical heat flux (level referenced)\\ $h$ & J$\cdot$s$^{-1}\cdot$photon$^{-1}$ & Planck constant \\ $I$ & photon$\cdot$m$^{-2}\cdot$s$^{-1}$ & light intensity \\ $k$ & m$^2$/s & diffusivity \\ $L$ & m & length \\ $L_r$ & kJ/kg & latent heat of crystallization of crust \\ $l$ & m & Rossby radius of deformation \\ \end{tabular} \begin{tabular}{lll} Symbol & Units & Meaning \\ \hline $M$ & m$^4$/s$^2$ & momentum flux \\ $m$ & & generic slope of a line \\ $N$ & s$^{-1}$ & buoyancy frequency \\ $n$ & & summation limit; number of area elements or puffs \\ $Q$ & m$^3$/s & volume flux \\ $Q_R$ & kg$\cdot$s$^{-1}\cdot$km$^{-1}$ & production rate of crust per km \\ $R(x,y,z)$ & m$^{-3}$, kg$^{-1}$& density or concentration of an intensive property \\ $R_\rho$ & & water-column stability ratio \\ ${R_\rho}_o$ & & source fluid stability ratio \\ $r$ & m & radius; half-width of initial puff \\ $\mathbf{\hat{n}}$ & & unit vector normal to surface $A$ \\ $S$ & psu & salinity \\ $S_\mathrm{SW}$ & psu & reference salinity of local sea water ($\sim$34.6\,psu) \\ $T$ & $^\circ$C & temperature \\ $t$ & s & time \\ $U$ & m/s & horizontal cross flow \\ $u$, ($\mathbf{u}$) & m/s & horizontal velocity (vector); often across-axis component\\ $u_r$ & cm/yr & full spreading rate \\ $V$ & m$^3$ & volume \\ $v$, ($\mathbf{v}$) & m/s & horizontal velocity (vector), often along-axis component \\ $v_o$ & m/s & amplitude (of current oscillation) \\ $W$ & m & width \\ $w$ & m/s & vertical velocity \\ $X$ & m & east-west distance \\ $x$ & m & horizontal distance or coordinate \\ $Y$ & m & north-south distance \\ $y$ & m & horizontal distance or coordinate \\ \end{tabular} \begin{tabular}{lll} Symbol & Units & Meaning \\ \hline $Z$ & m & vertical distance \\ $Z_m$ & m & equilibration height of plume in quiescent conditions \\ $z$ & m & vertical distance or coordinate \\ $z_r$ & m & rise height of a plume in a cross flow \\ $z^*$ & m & maximum plume rise height in quiescent conditions \\ \hline%---------------------------------------------------------------------- \end{tabular} \end{flushleft}